Page 213 - Russian History Viewed through Distorted Mirrors, Vol. 1

Nicolai Levashov. Russian History Viewed through Distorted Mirrors. Vol. 1

Green – the positive and creative niches of the economic system;

Yellow – the ballast niches of the economic system;

Red – the negative or destructive niches of the economic system:

There can be very few parasitic economic niches at the level of a communal
society, especially in the initial stages of its development. Primarily this related to the
severe conditions of life and relative primitiveness of instruments of labour. At this
level of development the social organism’s economic system was simple reproduc-
tion when a surplus of food and goods was not produced. Therefore, the category of
parasitic niches was formed only by very few types of social activity (or, more pre-
cisely, anti-social) — spongers, rapists and killers. None stood on ceremony with
rapists and killers. They were immediately banished from a family or tribe. Those
who survived outside the community gathered in bands and robbed everyone they
could. Spongers were re-educated by compelling them to work and be of some use to
the tribe or community. If a person continued to loaf, he was, eventually, banished. In
this situation spongers had two choices — either to die amid the beauty of wild nature
or to become a robber and killer in order not to die of hunger and cold. In any case,
there were no grounds for Dark Forces (social parasites) to act upon at this stage
of the organism’s development. The social elements spiritually close to them on
which they could rely were not numerous and almost had no influence on the social
organism, because they were out of it — they were outcasts.
Only when extended reproduction appeared, when the surplus of food and
consumer goods began to be produced, did the conditions for the Dark Forces ac-
tions appear, however, not immediately. When extended reproduction appeared, the

primitive society was gradually transformed into a communal one, when people con-
tinued to live according to communal laws, but, due to the improvement of instru-
ments of labour and invention (more precisely, re-invention) of metal treatment tech-
nologies (iron, first of all), the number of active niches increased. It is of interest that
new economic niches appeared mostly in the category of passive and social eco-
nomic niches. (Fig. 28):

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